Health Systems Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Systems Administration - Essay Example These industries require a specific type of integration specifically based on the standards followed, such as HIPPA (healthcare), UCCnet (retail), RossettaNet (high-tech), and GSTP (finance). Horizontal integration is type of integration, which is universal to all the industries, such as basic integration services including transformation, routing, adapters, flow control, etc. Vertical integration strategies are related to higher levels of managed care penetration within the market. Further, hospitals espousal vertical integration strategies reveal that they have more chances of formalization of integration activities than horizontally integrated facilities. An attractive feature of the horizontal model is that it allows one readily to infer the effect of a merger on price and cost. Horizontal consolidation, by definition, increases market concentration, so one can estimate the impact of consolidation simply by examining the effect of increases in market concentration. ... But, in spite of this fact, there is a paradigm shift from one system to another, for number of complexities existing in both the type of systems. As a result of this, many organizations follow both the type of integration systems. Excess provider capacity, specially in the form of over bedding and an oversupply of specialists, has established a new market for medical services in which insurers can rent physician and hospital services at the cost which is far less then the average costs associated with them as in case of vertically integrated system. Less opportunities of expansion in vertical integrated system diverts the insurers to concentrate on health plan management. The creation of an effective electronic medical record is extremely messy process. The emergence of new technologies helps the insurers to track and report individual provider performance against peer group and regional/national norms. Technology has therefore provided an alternative to outright insurer ownership o f physicians and hospitals as a means of reducing administrative costs. A critical basis of competitive advantage that was originally postulated for vertically integrated health plans -- superior clinical outcomes quality -- has therefore gone largely untested, in terms of both whether integrated companies can actually produce these differentiated results and whether customers will change their enrollment patterns based on them. The current stage of evolution in the supply and demand of "health care quality," then, hasn't supported the need for vertical integration between payers and providers The pure horizontal model, however, is not well equipped to explain the impact of hospital

Use of Folley Catheters in Place of Gastric Tubes for Administration Research Paper

Use of Folley Catheters in Place of Gastric Tubes for Administration of Enteral Nutrition - Research Paper Example The nasogastric tube moves through the nose into the buccal cavity to the throat where it routes to the stomach. Another major use for the nasogastric tube is to provide the patient with medicines that the patient could not take otherwise. Nasogastric tubes come in various standard depths that are marked on the tubes. The healthcare must measure the distance from the patient’s nose to the location of the xyphoid process. Gastric tubes are marked at the measured length before insertion to ensure adequate reach without any danger of clogging due to excess tube length. Before insertion, it is common to lubricate the gastric tube at the insertion end using local anesthetics such as 2% xylocaine gel. Other than local anesthetics, nasal vasoconstrictor sprays may be used as well. The nasogastric tube is then inserted into one of the patient’s anterior nares. Care has to be exercised when guiding the tube through the patient’s nasal cavity into the throat region. The tube is directed downwards and backwards as it is inserted. If a patient is wake during the insertion process, they may gag as the gastric tube reaches the oropharynx and then enters the posterior pharyngeal wall. In such a case, the patient is asked to mimic swallowing or is provided with some water to sip. As the patient imitates swallowing, the tube is inserted further. As soon as the tube moves beyond the pharynx and into the esophagus, it slides easily down into the patient’s stomach. ... The removal is done slowly especially if the patient is wake. In case that the patient develops a gag, he is instructed to sip some water or to imitate swallowing to ease the congestion. Once the gastric tube is removed, the site is cleaned using any acceptable anti-bacterial agent such as povidone iodine. After cleaning, the site dries itself in air while the healthcare provider prepares the Foley catheter sized between 14 and 18 fr. The catheter is sterilized before use after which it is inserted into the patient’s system. Before insertion it is ensured that the balloon of the catheter is not leaking through a trial insertion of sterile water. The Foley catheter is inserted into the patient’s system comparable to the gastric tube insertion with little differences in the overall procedure. Once the Foley catheter is in position, the balloon is secured in position by inflating it with 10 to 15 cc of sterile water. Light tugging confirms that the Foley catheter is firmly in position. In case that the catheter is still shifting, more sterile water is added. In case this fails to work, the catheter may need to be replaced due to a leaking balloon. The entry site is dressed once the procedure is complete to discourage infection. Research suggests that the use of Foley catheters is preferable to the use of gastric tubes for enteral nutrition. One primary advantage offered by Foley catheters is their lower cost when compared to gastric tubes. The rate of failure of gastric tubes and Foley catheters is comparable with the rate of failure being slightly higher in gastric tubes (Kadakia, Cassaday, & Shaffer, 1994). Current research also suggests that Foley catheters can be utilized in place of gastric tubes for enteral

Leadership and Talent Management as a strategy to motivated workforce Literature review

Leadership and Talent Management as a strategy to motivated workforce - Literature review Example In the conclusion we have stated the importance of leadership and talent management in motivation of employees at workplace. They both are required in today’s’ working environment for better outcome. The word â€Å"Motivation† has come from a Latin word â€Å"Mover† which means â€Å"to move†. It is the key factor which stimulate the internal as well as the external factors of the employees of any organization. This particular factor helps to inspire the employee towards their work. By this particular factor an employee finds the inspiration to come to the work place (Oettingen and Gollwitzer, 1996, pp.). The motivational factor can be both emotional as well as materialistic. This motivational factor is totally dependent upon the employer. How the employer wants to satisfy their employees, what are the benefits they want to give to them etc. Now making the employee satisfied is very important as they are the key tools with the help of which an organization achieves their desired goals and earned profit. That is the reason why the employees of any organization are termed as Human Resource. So it is very important to keep the employees happy and satisfied with the work environment. This is so because if they will be in a good and happy state the outcome what the company will get from them will be the optimum one and this will make it easier for the company to achieve their desired target and the company will progress in a healthy manner. A feeling must be there by the side of the employer that they do care for their employee and in any tough situation they are always beside their worke r (Weiner and Graham, 1990, pp. 63-64). Different steps and initiative taken for the motivational factor in an organization will help to develop a positive attitude in the mind of the employee. The initiative regarding this factor will create a thought in the mind of the employee that the employers are concern about them and want to develop their

Pharmacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pharmacy - Essay Example Of course, there are many other formulations that I could become as a drug: powder, gel capsules, even nasal spray. But the most common types are the tablet and suspension forms. All of the equipment I come into contact with between now and when I am ingested by a patient must be clean and sterile. I must be sealed away from outside contact, so that I do not become contaminated with debris, bacteria, or other microscopic particles. Every canister, tank, mixer, pipe, hose, and bottle has to be sterilized completely. Many of the items I will come in contact with have been steam-sterilized, because using clean steam prevents me from being contaminated by the cleaning products themselves. I am pumped from a delivery vehicle into a tank to be stored at the manufacturing site. The tank I am in is only one of many in the tank farm at this pharmaceutical plant. In order to assure safety, the tanks are sterilized before I am pumped into them through an airtight transfer pump. After a period o f storage, I am then pumped from the storage tanks into a make-up and boot tank, and then from there into a reactor tank to start the manufacturing process. The plant keeps very careful track of the arrival times of all the ingredients for their products, including me, in order to ensure that nothing is stored too long. They also have to keep track of the temperature and humidity of the storage areas, because some ingredients cannot be exposed to temperatures that are too high or too low, and some cannot be exposed to humid air in case they react with the oxygen. Some chemicals must even be kept away from contact with the oxygen in the air, because they will oxidize and change form. At the start of the manufacturing process, I am weighed with great precision, as are the excipients that will make up the tablets or suspension with me. The weights of the various ingredients will depend on batch size and dosage amount, and all of the weights are recorded for quality assurance. Each of t he ingredients are all weighed individually in separate sterile canisters because having the right amounts of each ingredient is vital to the properties of the final product. The reactor mixes us together in the right proportions, according to the size of the batch and the dosage amount of the final product. Depending on my properties and the properties of the other ingredients in my mixture, the next steps will vary. If I and the other active and inactive ingredients are dry powder that can be mixed together smoothly, we can be sent on to the next step of tablet pressing without further processing. If the right mixtures cannot be obtained through simple stirring in the reactor, there are two other possibilities to create the necessary homogeneity of the mixture for the creation of tablets. These possibilities are wet granulation or dry granulation. If I can be mixed with water, the manufacturer will use an aqueous solution, as that will be safer; if, like many pharmacological chemi cals, I cannot come in contact with water without reacting to it and degrading, I will be mixed with a solvent solution. If I go through wet granulation, a liquid binder-adhesive will be added to me in the reactor, where we will be thoroughly mixed together. Using the correct amounts of the liquid binder-adhesive is vital, because if too much of the liquid is added to me, my granules will come out to be too

Haagen-Dazs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Haagen-Dazs - Essay Example In effect, this expose elucidates on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that the brand can focus on to ensure growth and success in the market. First, the philosophy of Haagen-Dazs is to ensure that it used the purest and finest recipes the world had to offer and created super premium ice cream, frozen yoghurt, and sorbet (Haagen-Dazs, â€Å"The Philosophy†). In effect, the company’s brand has come to be associated with upscale products. Therefore, the company has been able to create a brand that was strongly popular, innovative, and excellent image, which are strengths associated with Haagen-Dazs. Hence, the brand is internationally recognized, and a focus on this  strength  will ensure success and growth in the market. One weakness that the brand should address is the association of its products with luxury. In this case, the brand’s â€Å"way of doing business that is as demanding as it is uncommon† in creating products that were fine results to super-pricing of the products (Haagen-Dazs, â€Å"The Philosophy†). In effect, the products produced target a small population that was narrow due to the exclusive pricing. Therefore, the brand should reposition itself and acquire a marketing strategy that aimed at making the products accessible to people in the middle and lower classes of society. In effect, the brand will increase its market base, which effectively means that there will be growth in revenues and profits. When improving its marketing strategy, Haagen-Dazs should focus on the opportunity offered by the increase of demand in healthy products. Luckily, the company prides itself for creating products that did not have additives since they were in their natural form. In effect, the brand can reposition its marketing strategy to utilize its ability to create products that did not have additives, which made the products healthy since they were in their

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Research Methods - Essay Example According to Bryman (2008, p. 25), a sample has advantages than a complete count in that; Different sampling techniques exist and they are divided into two categories namely formal and informal (non probability sampling). The formal sampling techniques operate on a known probability of choosing and they include; simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, systematic sampling and multistage sampling. Simple random sampling is a technique where all the elements are said to have the same chance of being selected. The probability of selecting any elements in the population is equal (Green and Salkind 2008, p. 57). This technique is applied in cases where all the elements in that certain population have same traits (characteristics). Such populations are said to be homogenous. Another formal sampling technique is stratified sampling and is applied in cases where the population is made up of elements of different traits. In this technique, the population is sub-divided into non-overlapping sub-groups called strata (each is a stratum) each made up of elements with the same traits. Once this has been done, a simple random sample is selected from each stratum and then combined for final analysis. This technique is advantageous in that it eliminates biasness which is present if simple random sampling is used and also leads to higher precision. Cluster sampling on the other hand is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into clusters and then the researcher selects randomly the clusters to be included in the final analysis. It is mostly used in cases where getting the entire population for the research study is impossible or where the study population is concentrated in regions e.g. schools, churches, counties etc. The only disadvan tage of this technique is less precision than even simple random sampling and stratified sampling. Systematic sampling is the selecting of sample

American vs Asian Happiness Essay Example for Free

American vs Asian Happiness Essay Americans associate feelings of happiness with personal achievement, the Asian associate those feelings with an entire society’s harmony. Asian people feel emotion less often than Americans. Asians tended to rate their emotional events as more neutral than Americans rated theirs. Overall, Americans were more likely to see their experiences as â€Å"somewhat pleasant.† Asians respondents more often have mixed emotions in â€Å"predominantly pleasant situations† than Americans do. One reason suggested in the paper is that Asians seem to define advancement of social harmony as more worthy than mere individual success. Positive emotions are less important to Asian-born Asians than to Americans. The American dream is all about happiness, not careers or material goods, and its within reach. That bright-eyed view comes from teenagers on the cusp of independence and their own pursuit of happiness as adults. growing numbers of Americans are unhappy, unhealthy, and increasingly pessimistic. At the same time, there are some distinct differences between them and between other Asian and American accounts. For example, the Asians seem more solemn and introspective, with more emphasis on spiritual cultivation and psychological transcendence. American’s seemed more uplifting, elated, exciting, and show more emphasis on enjoying life in the physical sense and present time. Asians appear to desire a more balanced life, with social expectations finely integrated into their sense of well-being. American’s appear to want personal happiness as the supreme value of life, and blatantly assert individual agency against social restrictions. Happiness is a dominant concern for most Americans indeed the American Declaration of Independence proclaims that the pursuit of happiness is an inalienable right of every individual. Happiness is not only the best reward for personal striving and hard work, as the ‘American dream’’ presents, it is also given many positive associations. For example, Americans believe that happy people are more likely to go to Heaven after death . Happiness is also closely related to health and life satisfaction. The active and explicit pursuit of happiness is one of the best ways of living out an independent personhood, which masters and controls the external environment, identifies and realizes potentials, creates and achieves goals. The Asian perspective individual’s inner attributes, the gratification of personal needs and desires, the amplification of personal achievement, the creation and protection of individual uniqueness are not important concerns: instead, the fulfillment of role obligations in interdependent social relationships, the creation and maintenance of interpersonal harmony, the striving to promote the welfare and prosperity of the family. The Asian culture exhibits a ‘‘habit of hesitation’’ towards happiness. Asians follow the theory of the ancient Yin–Yang philosophy which takes a cosmological view that everything from the cosmos to human life is a never-ending, cyc lic process of change, between good and bad, happiness and misery, well-being and ill-being. Americans view Happiness in regards to money, family, and what can give them the most, Asians to me are more focused on the family and community. We as Americans really just see ourselves as happy when we have more than what our neighbor has, and that we have the perfect job, perfect family, friends are socially accepted. But the truth is even when we are at 100 % full of happiness we are not and the truth to the fact is sometimes we see happiness in our lives and we aren’t. I took a look at my life and realized that even though I am supposed to be happy I am I really? Who really is? In a society like ours where the more we make the more we need the more we want when do we say enough is enough. My Asian friends are happy all the time they are happy with their lives because they are taught that it’s not the material it’s what you release into the world, and what you make with the information you have, spreading the world and paying it forward is what they are about and that and family bring them job, they are happy with the little things and that is what makes them happy and fulfilled with life. Asian culture engulfs the beliefs that the world is their gift and they are one with the world and what they offer to it and take from it are to be shared, and this is taught in their culture from when they are young. In contrast to us Americans that the more we have the more we want. References: Positive Psychology, by Steve R. Baumgardner and Marie K. Crothers. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright c 2009 by Pearson Education, inc http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeffrey-sachs/america-and-the-pursuit-o_b_941870.html http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/The_Scientific_Pursuit_of_Happiness.html http://healthland.time.com/2011/05/04/why-happiness-isnt-always-good-asians-vs-americans/ http://jweinb2.wordpress.com/category/east-asian-cultures-share-similar-views-on-happiness/ http://www.adambohannon.org/crosscultural-differences-happiness-east-west/