What Is Natural Abundance

Natural abundance is the measure of the average amount of a given isotope naturally occurring on Earth. The abbreviation for natural abundance is NA. The atomic weight listed for each element on the periodic table is the natural abundance on Earth. Sometimes the value changes as scientists obtain more data about the isotope ratio of samples. The natural abundance of elements on the periodic table is not the same everywhere in the universe. The ratio of isotopes in the Sun or on Mars, for example, might be different. Example There are two natural isotopes of boron: 10B and 11B. The natural abundance is 19.9% of 10B and 80.1% of 11B. Put another way, if you took a 100-gram sample of boron from anywhere on the planet, you could expect 19.9 grams to consist of boron-10 and 80.1 grams to consist of boron-11. Deviations The natural abundance is a global mean, so if you sample an element at one location, you wont get exactly the average ratio of elements. Why is this so? Scientists believe the chemical composition of the solar system was isotopically homogeneous during its formation, but that deviations began to occur when fusion started in the Sun. Also, radioactive decay leads to differences in isotope ratios. This is because decay is a random process. Sources Clayton, Robert N. (1978). Isotopic anomalies in the early solar system.  Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science.  28: 501–522.Lide, D. R., ed. (2002). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (83rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0483-0.  Zinner, Ernst (2003). An isotopic view of the early solar system. Science. 300 (5617): 265–267.

Teaching Methods For Various Purposes - 1588 Words

0.1. Counselling have been using the case study methods for various purposes such as documenting, evaluating and disseminating new approaches to therapy; contributing to public understanding of counselling; the development of theory; drawing attention to critical issues and areas of practice; extending and enhancing the interpretability of large-scale outcome studies; and training (McLeod, 2010). For the current case study, I have chosen a somewhat challenging case, which has contributed a lot to my practical and theoretical learning. This case study is divided into following sections: Case context, the client, the therapeutic process, evaluation of change, and conclusion. 1. Case Context 1.1. I have been working with this client at the†¦show more content†¦All the client’s quotes from HAT are given in Appendix-2. Beginning phase (Sessions 1 – 4) 3.2. I have divided this phase into first 4 sessions because it is in the 4th session that the client seemed to develop trust and move on in the therapy. As suggested by Mearns and Thorne (2013) that the ‘beginning’ phase of the counselling process involves the client developing sufficient trust in the counsellor and the relationship to start exploring the previously feared edges of his awareness. Client’s Process 3.3. In the first 3 sessions, Tom spoke about various things including his problem of hoarding and different aspects of his self-concept. In the first session, he spoke about his self-concept of a Narcissist in a retrospective manner that during his teenage years he used to think that he is perfect and there is no one like him. According to Tom, his actual self is a Narcissist whereas his ideal self would be someone who can accept people unconditionally. This incongruence was so important to him that he mentioned it as the most helpful aspect of this session (Qoute-1). 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The And Estuaries During The Gulf Coast Essay - 1397 Words

The marshlands and estuaries located throughout the Gulf Coast provide important breeding grounds and nurseries for the fishing and shrimping industries. In 2008, according to the National Marine Fisheries Service, the commercial fish and shellfish harvest from the five U.S. Gulf states was estimated to be 1.3 billion pounds valued at $661 million. Oil spills are extremely harmful to marine life when they occur and often for years or even decades later, said Jacqueline Savitz, a marine scientist and climate campaign director at Oceana, an environmental group. She said spills could coat sea birds and limit their flying ability and damage fisheries by injuring marine organism s systems related to respiration, vision and reproduction. Savitz said that the Gulf of Mexico is host to four species of endangered sea turtles and bluefin tuna, snapper and grouper. Each of these can be affected, she said. 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Different View point on Human Nature Essay Example For Students

Different View point on Human Nature Essay Different Viewpoints on Human NatureThroughout history there have been arguments about anything and everything that is disagreeable. People innately have there own and often different opinions. A prominent discussion topic throughout history has been the nature of mankind. Many have written works about human nature but few are discussed in greater detail than Candide, The Prince, and Essay on Man. Voltaire, Niccolo Machiavelli, and Alexander Pope, who wrote these three works respectively, concur with each other on many view points. But it is their differences that make the works unique. Voltaire wrote Candide in 1759 during the period known as the Enlightenment. It is a story that has a deeper symbolic meaning about life and human nature. At face value it seems to be an optimistic tale that speaks highly of man. But when looked at closely, it envelops a whole new meaning. It is full of sexual allusions and darker views on human nature and man himself. This wasnt exactly a new concept, it was just brought about in a different and unusual way. Candide is different from the other works in the fact that it was written as a story about a barons son, which Voltaire uses as a third party media to get his views across. Both Machiavelli and Pope were straightforward in their works. Another difference between Voltaire and the others is his sarcasm. Candide translated into English means optimism. In this work, Voltaire was not saying that people are good. He says that people are greedy, power driven beings that put themselves above others. Yet his literal words all seem happy and joyful. He uses his wit and sarcasm to get his point across. The Prince, written in 1513 by Niccolo Machiavelli, is an essay about how to rule a state and keep its adjuncts content. Whether it be a princedom, a republic or a mixture of the two. In his essay, human nature and how it interacts with the prince is discussed greatly. Machiavelli tells the prince that he should be as greedy and as devious as can be gotten away with. He explains how to gain and control states and gives examples of how his points are proven. Machiavellis main point is that there are classes of people and that people are in a certain class for a reason. He says people should remain that way so that all the roles are filled. He differs from the others in this aspect and also in his view that people are ignorant fools. Another way Machiavelli differs from the other two is religion and god. Where as Alexander Pope tries to intervene god in human nature, Machiavelli says to ignore it and try to become as powerful as one can without thought about what moral consequences cou ld occur. Alexander Pope wrote his work, Essay on Man in 1733. He talked about man in relationship to the universe and how human nature dictates who we are. He differs in his views by focusing on a different perspective. Pope looks at mankind as a minuscule almost non-existent speck when compared to the universe, a much larger entity. Yet, it is so much more than just a grain of sand on a beach. Each person has a duty and if a duty is not done then the whole picture can be disrupted. So while man is small, it is not in the least insignificant. Pope also tends to discuss God and religion a lot when talking about human nature. He is a religious person and believed god created the earth. He says it is human nature to be greedy but we must restrain ourselves from breaking gods laws. Pope wrote this essay totally to the point. It is in rhyming poetic form yet is titled Essay on Man and strays not far from its main topic. .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f , .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f .postImageUrl , .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f , .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f:hover , .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f:visited , .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f:active { border:0!important; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f:active , .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14c1b1494d4393235b6732174c03562f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin luther king jr. 7 EssayPope, Machiavelli, and Voltaire are considered three of the most intelligent people to have lived. Their essays about the theories of mankind and human nature were astounding considering the time period we are talking about. They disagree about many of the concepts of human nature, yet agree on the basics. Mankind is greedy and self loving. It is hard to have concurring